After being broken down, amino acids and ammonia which is the form of nitrogen metabolic wastes are released and made less poisonous by ammonia being combined with carbon dioxide to form urea which is eliminated from the body through either perspiration by skin or excreted in urine.
Kidneys, fist-sized organs in the back of the abdomen that receive about one-fourth of the blood being pumped by the heart and that are made out of nephrons, play a major function in this system by conserving homeostasis. 3 main functions of the kidneys:
*Remove urea and other wastes
*Regulate the amount of water in the blood
*Adjust the concentrations of various substances in the blood.
After urine is formed and filtered, the next step is reabsorption, the process which is regulated by the hypothalamus. When the hypothalamus senses the need of your body for water, it triggers secretion of antidiuretic hormone ADH which makes the end of the nephrons more permeable to water thus more reabsorption of water back, making urine more concentrated.
After urine formation, filtration, and reabsorption, urine flows to the ureters, stored in the bladder, and then leaves the body through the urethra.
a) What are the two mechanisms by which urea is eliminated from the body?
b) What is the amount of blood that the kidneys receive?
c) What are the roles of the kidneys?
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